بررسی تطبیقی رفتار حرارتی پوستۀ خارجی مساجد سنّتی و معاصر در شهر تبریز

Walls of a building as the boundaries between the interior and exterior are in concurrent encounter with the nature and human welfare. Climate of Tabriz is cold and dry, and thus outer walls must more particu­larly withstand very cold and dry climate. Therefore, it is necessary to review outer walls of a building as boundaries between nature and human welfare. A mosque is a space which is related to transcendental dimensions of human being; it is expected to provide welfare of human being as effective as possible and it must develop self-sufficient behavior against pertain­ing climate features. In this regard, the outer walls of a building have a significant role in maintaining the conditions created inside and preventing inflow of external climatic conditions. The investigation is based on the fact that traditional mosques develop more desirable behaviors against thermal behaviors due to the thick walls. Accordingly, the question is that, how should the researcher demonstrate the magnitude of the most appropriate thermal behavior of walls of a traditional mosque compared to that of their modern counterparts? Thus, the Seqat-ol-Islam and Karim Khan mosques and the Shakelli and Amir-al- Momenin mosques were selected to represent the traditional and modern groups, respectively, so as to measure their temperature loss. The whole sample was selected from a same district of the city for indif­ferent or minimum climate differences of external environment. Although the temperature variations of external and internal walls are measured but almost similar conditions are more desirable for rational de­duction.  Accurate calculations were implemented for field studies. Several points of external walls were measured to calculate temperature loss to contrast the obtained results through deduction. This paper is to define some figures for desirable quality of tradi­tional buildings; greater temperature loss by about two times is an indication of quantitative measure­ment difference.  Physical dimension of the afore­mentioned case of thermal study and the tempera­ture loss is proven. Therefore the investigation is merely to measure architectural quality of the build­ings as a definite qualitative aspect of thermo-physics. To put is simply, it is concluded that heat losses of all walls are calculated to demonstrate general thermal behavior of both traditional and contemporary mosques. Also, it is possible to demonstrate or con­firm positive effects of the walls to maintain thermal comfort in a mosque. Behavior of bodies of such structures shows that cold and dry climate of Tabriz city compels maintenance of desirable comfort condi­tions within the mosques by preventing influx of cold air into them. Traditional architecture has satisfied the users’ needs as a result of unconscious awareness of material behaviors and utilization of convenient materials and building walls two times thicker than those in other climatic conditions. The user is more comfortable in traditional mosques than the modern ones, a fact that also demonstrates more desirable thermal behavior of traditional mosques from numer­ic and quantitative perspectives.